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N. HARTMANN AND V. SESEMANN.
THE PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION OF N. HARTMANN’S REVIEW “ON WILHELM SESEMANN”. 1933

Abstract
N. Hartmann and V. Sesemann are the creators of the so-called ‘ontological turn’ of the philosophy of the twentieth century. The article presents a comparative analysis of the work of these two philosophers, who were familiar with each other since their youth. The analysis shows that although Nicolai Hartmann is a classic—the founder of the whole direction in the philosophy of the twentieth century, the influence of which have experienced many philosophers—Vasily Sesemann, unfortunately, is a little-known author. This is due, first of all, to the fact that Sesemann wrote lengthy articles instead of books and never republished them in collections. Secondly, he published them mainly in Lithuania and in the Lithuanian journals, where most of the works were in the Lithuanian language. Finally, Sesemann published his research in three languages, two of which were Russian and Lithuanian—quite exotic for the European philosophical community. The article also notes that in his original and independent work Sesemann actively uses and develops primarily two concepts of Hartmann. Hartmann’s distinction between two types of intuition—direct or stigmatic and recapitulative—helps Sesemann to demarcate in a deeper and more multifaceted way between thematic and non-thematic knowledge. Hartmann’s concept of multilayered or multidimensional existence is used by Sesemann to develop his ideas about the problems of irrationality, to talk about different degrees of tension of inner life, to overcome the epistemological dualism of objective and non-objective knowledge in the monism of the higher (divine) reality, and to assert that philosophy is an experimental science.

Key words
Sesemann, Hartmann, theory of knowledge, ontology, logical laws, irrational, representative theory.

References

• Botz-Bornstein, T. (2006). Vasily Sesemann Experience, Formalism and the Question of Being. Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi.
• Harich, W. (2000). Nicolai Hartmann: Leben, Werk, Wirkung. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann.
• Hartmann, N. (1912). Systembildung und Idealismus. In Philosophisches Abhandlungen: Hermann Cohen zum 70sten Geburtstag (4. Juli 1912) dargebracht (60-78). Berlin: B. Cassirer.
• Hartmann, N. (1921). Grundzüge einer Metaphysik der Erkenntnis. Berlin: de Gruyter.
• Jonkus, D. (2015). Vosyliaus Sezemano filosofija: savees pazxinimo ir estetinexs patirties fenomenologija [The Philosophy of Vasily Sesemann: A Phenomenology of Self-Awareness and Aesthetic Experience]. Vilnius: Versus Aureus. (in Lithuanian).
• Sesemann, V. (1912). Die Ethik Platos und das Problem des Bösen. In Philosophisches Abhandlungen: Hermann Cohen zum 70sten Geburtstag (4. Juli 1912) dargebracht (170-190). Berlin: B. Cassirer.
• Sesemann, V. (1932). Die logischen Gesetze und das Sein: a) Die logischen Gesetze im Verhältnis zum subjektbezogenen und psychischen Sein. b) Die logischen Gesetze und das daseinsautonome Sein. Eranus, 2, 59-230.
• Sesemann, V. (2007). Aeshetics. Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi.
• Sezeman, V. (2012). Problema idealizma v filosofii [Problems of Idealism in Philosophy]. Voprosy filosofii, 4, 127-134. (in Russian).
• Sezemanas, V. (1987). Raštai. Gnoseologija [Works. Epistemology]. Vilnius: Mintis. (in Lithuanian).
• Sezemanas, V. (1997). Raštai. Filosofijos istorija. Kultūra [Works. Philosophy of History. Culture]. Vilnius: Mintis. (in Lithuanian).

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NIKOLAI HARTMANN
SENSE-GIVING AND SENSE-FULLFILMENT

Abstract
The article by Nikolai Hartmann is devoted to the problem of sense both in its history and its current state. Hartmann addresses the problem of sense in the 30’s, when the Zeitgeist itself contributed to such reflections, and it is no coincidence that at this time various existential interpretations of the sense of human life became popular. In his own turn, Hartmann develops a kind of metaphysics of sense. He reinterprets the constructions of classical metaphysics (starting with Plato) from a new point of view, correlating the category of sense with traditional metaphysical categories, such as ‘idea,’ ‘Nous,’ ‘The One,’ ‘God,’ ‘substance,’ ‘spirit,’ and ‘absolute.’ Furthermore, the German philosopher adds his own considerations and conclusions to the historical review. The article consists of six sections. Section I sets the problem; section II outlines the main features of Ancient (Plato, Aristotle, Stoa, neo-Platonism) and Medieval metaphysics of sense; in section III Hartmann focuses on the modern metaphysics of sense, with an emphasis on German classical philosophy (Kant, Fichte, Schelling and especially Hegel). Section IV examines the problem of sense in Hartmann’s philosophical context (in this regard, Hartmann is interested in Nietzsche and the philosophy of values), while at the same time aiming to strictly distinguish between the concepts of sense, values, and purposes. Section V draws conclusions from the historical review and the subsequent explication of the concepts; further, Hartmann offers his own solution to the problem of sense. Finally, in section VI, the problem of sense is interpreted from the perspective of the philosophy of history.the main theses and ideas of the translated work are presented in which Edith Stein tried to compare the seemingly uncompatible philosophies of Edmund Husserl and St.Thomas Aquinas.

Key words
Sense, value, validity, sense-giving, sense-fulfillment, metaphysics, philosophy of values.

References

• Gegelʼ, G. F. V. (2000). Fenomenologiya dukha [The Phenomenology of Spirit]. Moscow: Nauka. (in Russian).
• Gete, I. V. von (1969). Faust. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya literatura. (in Russian).
• Kant, I. (1993). Otvet na vopros: сhto takoe prosveshchenie? [An Answer to the Question: What is Enligtment?]. In Sobranie sochinenij na nemeckom i russkom yazykakh. Tom 1. Traktaty i statii (1784–1796) [Collected Works in Russian and German. Vol. 1: Tractates and Papers]. Moscow: Izdatel’skaya Firma AO «Kami». (in Russian).
• Platon. (1994). Gosudarstvo [The Republic]. In Sobranie sochinenij v 4 tomakh. T. 3 [Collected Works in 4 Volumes. Vol. 3]. Moscow: Mysl’. (in Russian).

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THE PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION OF N. HARTMANN’S ARTICLE “SENSE-GIVING AND SENSE-FULLFILMENT”

Abstract
The article by Nikolai Hartmann is devoted to the problem of sense both in its history and its current state. Hartmann addresses the problem of sense in the 30’s, when the Zeitgeist itself contributed to such reflections, and it is no coincidence that at this time various existential interpretations of the sense of human life became popular. In his own turn, Hartmann develops a kind of metaphysics of sense. He reinterprets the constructions of classical metaphysics (starting with Plato) from a new point of view, correlating the category of sense with traditional metaphysical categories, such as ‘idea,’ ‘Nous,’ ‘The One,’ ‘God,’ ‘substance,’ ‘spirit,’ and ‘absolute.’ Furthermore, the German philosopher adds his own considerations and conclusions to the historical review. The article consists of six sections. Section I sets the problem; section II outlines the main features of Ancient (Plato, Aristotle, Stoa, neo-Platonism) and Medieval metaphysics of sense; in section III Hartmann focuses on the modern metaphysics of sense, with an emphasis on German classical philosophy (Kant, Fichte, Schelling and especially Hegel). Section IV examines the problem of sense in Hartmann’s philosophical context (in this regard, Hartmann is interested in Nietzsche and the philosophy of values), while at the same time aiming to strictly distinguish between the concepts of sense, values, and purposes. Section V draws conclusions from the historical review and the subsequent explication of the concepts; further, Hartmann offers his own solution to the problem of sense. Finally, in section VI, the problem of sense is interpreted from the perspective of the philosophy of history.the main theses and ideas of the translated work are presented in which Edith Stein tried to compare the seemingly uncompatible philosophies of Edmund Husserl and St.Thomas Aquinas.

Key words
Sense, value, validity, sense-giving, sense-fulfillment, metaphysics, philosophy of values.

References

• Gornshtein, T. N. (1969). Filosofiya Nikolaya Gartmana. (Kriticheskii analiz osnovnykh problem ontologii) [Nicolai Hartmann’s Philosophy. (The Critical Analysis of the Fundamental Problems of Ontology)]. Leningrad: Nauka. (in Russian).
• Hartmann, N. (1955). Sinngebung und Sinnerfüllung. In Kleinere Schriften. Bd. I: Abhandlungen zur systematischen Philosophie (245-279). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
• Rikkert, G. (1998a). O ponyatii filosopfii [On the Concept of Philosophy]. In Nauki o prirode i nauki o kulture [Natural Science and Humanities] (15-42). Moscow: Respublica. (in Russian).
• Rikkert, G. (1998b). Nauki o prirode i nauki o kulture [Natural Science and Humanities]. In Nauki o prirode i nauki o kulture [Natural Science and Humanities] (44-128). Moscow: Respublica. (in Russian).

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ON TATYANA GORNSHTEIN’S
NICOLAI HARTMANN’S PHILOSOHPHY
The Science Publishing House. Leningrad Branch. Leningrad, 1969.

Abstract
This article consists in a brief presentation of Tatyana Gornshtein’s Nicolai Hartmann’s Philosophy (1969) for non-Russian speakers. It provides some information on the author of the work, describes the purpose and structure of the book, and briefly describes the subject matter of each of its chapters. It also focuses on the most interesting points of the author’s analysis of Hartmann’s philosophy. The different sections of this article follow the order in which the content of the book is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the appraisal and critique of Hartmann’s ontology from the perspective of dialectical materialism as elaborated by Gornshtein throughout her book.

Key words
Ontology, Metaphysics, Ontological Factors, Modes of Being, Modalities, Philosophy of Nature, Nicolai Hartmann, Tatyana Gornshtein.

References

• Drukarev, E.G., & Zakhar’yashchev, V. (2012). Pis’ma v redaktsiyu [Letters to Editorial Staff]. Zvezda, 10. Retrieved from http://www.zh-zal.ru/zvezda/2012/10/p24-pr.html. (in Russian).
• Gornshtein, T.N. (1969). Filosofiya Nikolaya Gartmana (Kriticheskii analiz osnovnykh problem ontologii) [Nicolai Hartmann’s Philosophy (The Critical Analysis of the Fundamental Problems of Ontology)]. Leningrad: Nauka. (in Russian).
• Gornshtein, L.Z. (2001). Lyudvig Vitgenshtein v Leningrade [Ludwig Wittgenstein in Leningrad]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’ [Social Sciences and Modernity], 2. Retrieved from http://ecsocman.hse.ru/data/800/991/1231/018gORNx5bTEJN.pdf. (in Russian).
• Heidegger, M. (2001). Sein und Zeit. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.

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EDITORIAL: SPECIAL ISSUE, DEDICATED TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF NICOLAI HARTMANN

Abstract
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Key words
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References

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