Studies in Phenomenology



Article/Publication Details


ON THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL HORIZONS OF THE METHODOLOGY OF HISTORY OF A. S. LAPPO-DANILEVSKY

Title in the language of publication: О ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ГОРИЗОНТАХ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ИСТОРИИ А. С. ЛАППО-ДАНИЛЕВСКОГО
Author: IRINA SHMERLINA
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №2 (2021), 689-710
Language: Russian
Document type: Research Article
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-2-689-710 PDF (Downloads: 1147)

Abstract
The article problematizes the relatively recent tradition (initiated by O.M. Medushevskaya and picked up by a number of researchers) of a phenomenological interpretation of A. S. Lappo-Danilevskii’s historical and methodological work. The article aims to find out whether, and if so, in what sense (senses) it is possible to talk about the phenomenology of Lappo-Danilevskii. It shows the grounds on which this interpretation can, within certain limits, be accepted, and the moments of principal divergence between classical phenomenology and Lappo-Danilevskii’s methodology of history. The key point of these discrepancies is the phenomenological reduction, which is the essence of the phenomenological method, and, in the author’s opinion and contrary to the opinion of some researchers, is absent in the methodology of history of Lappo-Danilevskii. The theoretical positions that provoke the comparison of the views of Lappo-Danilevskii and Husserl are reduced to two main points: the problem of the psychological impenetrability of someone else’s Self and the understanding of the historical source as a construction of the historian. The article suggests that the “phenomenological motives” of Lappo-Danilevskii’s work are determined by the general philosophical and epistemological search of his time, perceived by Lappo-Danilevskii through the works of I. G. Droysen, Russian Neo-Kantianism and W. Dilthey, but hardly directly from Husserl’s philosophy, with which he could not be thoroughly familiar. The author suggests qualifying Lappo-Danilevskii’s methodological work as an original version of historical phenomenology, which was formed outside the direct influence of the classical phenomenology of Husserl. The article outlines the directions of further development of the problems laid down in Lappo-Danilevskii’s methodology of history, in particular, O. M. Medushevskaya’s “cognitive history,” A. L. Yurganov’s “historical phenomenology” and the sociological turn in the methodology of historical knowledge (turn from a subject to an actor) fixed by M. F. Rumyantseva. The latter, according to the author of the article, actualizes the key problem of the phenomenological tradition—that of intersubjectivity.

Keywords
A. S. Lappo-Danilevskii, methodology of history, someone else’s Self, historical source, methodology of cognition in the Russian pre-revolutionary thought, classical phenomenology, sociological phenomenology, historical phenomenology.

References

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Article/Publication Details


THE «WATERWHEEL» OF GUILT: THE TAUTOLOGY OF CONSCIENCE IN WITTGENSTEIN’S NOTES

Title in the language of publication: «ВОДЯНОЕ КОЛЕСО» ВИНЫ: ТАВТОЛОГИЯ СОВЕСТИ В ЗАМЕТКАХ ВИТГЕНШТЕЙНА
Author: GEORGY CHERNAVIN
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №2 (2021), 544-557
Language: Russian
Document type: Research Article
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-2-544-557 PDF (Downloads: 1293)

Abstract
The implicit conception of conscience from Ludwig Wittgenstein’s notes from 1929 is brought into comparison with the theory of conscience as a paradoxical identity of guilt and innocence by Philip Konrad Marheineke (which served as a pattern for Kierkegaardian concept of “despair”) and of conscience as a (grammatical and temporal) redoubling by Vladimir Jankélévitch. Wittgensteinian views on conscience and feeling of guilt tend to Marheineke-Kierkegaard’s model (the guilt hides in innocence and vice versa) and to Jankélévitch’s model (the wrongdoing from the past makes us regret the innocence which preceded it in a far remote past). I explore these tautological models of conscience using the example of Wittgensteinian metaphor of “waterwheel”: of an engineering failure producing a constant sentiment of guilt. Austrian philosopher describes his “incapacity to think” as a source of background, freely floating guilt. “Uselessness” and “mediocrity” or as he puts it “groundlessness of your own existence” altogether with “incapacity to think”—those are the self-accusations of the thinker. This torturing state he at the same time considers to be the source of his own philosophical productivity. Would a conscience be possible which would be free of this tautological structure and of this endless “rumination” of the petty guilt? The article proposes a hypothesis how one could break the tautological circle of an idling scrupulous conscience.

Keywords
guilt, Wittgenstein, Kierkegaard, Marheineke, conscience, tautology, Jankélévitch.

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Article/Publication Details


THE PROBLEMATICS OF REALITY IN CONTEMPORARY ANTI-REALIST PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES (CRITICAL REVIEW)

Title in the language of publication: ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА РЕАЛЬНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ АНТИРЕАЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ ФИЛОСОФСКИХ ТЕОРИЯХ (КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР)
Author: VERA SERKOVA, VERA LOBASTOVA
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №2 (2021), 666-688
Language: Russian
Document type: Research Article
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-2-666-688 PDF (Downloads: 1226)

Abstract
The article analyzes literature addressing the problem of reality in modern anti-realist theories. The purpose of the review is to expand the circle of researchers, including not only representatives of analytical philosophy, but also those of the phenomenological tradition, since the principle of phenomenological reduction corresponds to the general conceptual attitude of anti-realists, and in methodological terms, phenomenology more consistently implements the program of anti-realism. The principle of anti-realist philosophy is shown as exemplified in solutions of the “difficult problem of consciousness” within analytical philosophy and also in the development of a phenomenological attitude. Such a combination of two, by far the most respectable, philosophical schools makes it possible to more accurately determine the contribution of theorists of both directions to the theory of reality, to identify problematic nodes, internal disagreements and points of intersection of the ideas of phenomenologists and representatives of analytical philosophy in understanding the nature of reality. The works of modern researchers of the problems of reality R. Berghofer, V. Vasyukov, Ya. Ishihara, V. Ladov, L. Makeeva, R. Pils, A. Fursov, D. Chalmers and many others, as well as the works of E. Husserl, W. Quine, H. Putnam’s works, which have become philosophical classics, allow us to clarify the ideas about reality that have developed in the anti-realist discourse from different sides. New studies of the principle of phenomenological reduction by Yu. Himanka and the origins of the formation of phenomenological philosophy by N.V. Motroshilova make it possible to clarify the contribution of phenomenologists to the anti-realist tradition.

Keywords
reality, anti-realism, realism, analytical philosophy, phenomenology.

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Article/Publication Details


ON HEIDEGGER AND ORTEGA Y GASSET: THE SPANISH BEING AND ITS TRAGIC CONDITION OF EXISTENCE

Title in the language of publication: ON HEIDEGGER AND ORTEGA Y GASSET: THE SPANISH BEING AND ITS TRAGIC CONDITION OF EXISTENCE
Author: JUAN JOSÉ GARRIDO PERIÑÁN
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №2 (2021), 625-640
Language: English
Document type: Research Article
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-2-625-640 PDF (Downloads: 1128)

Abstract
From a biographical description made by the German thinker Martin Heidegger of the Spanish thinker José Ortega y Gasset, this article sets out to explore how Heideggerian philosophy requires a tragic condition for its development and promotion. The first part of the article attempts to justify why Heidegger’s thinking would fit harmoniously within Ortega’s description of Spanish culture and his vision of death. The notion of death is approached as a cultural and philosophical problem of great relevance in order to understand the being-in-the-world of a specific society or nation. In our case, we try to show that Ortega’s description of Spain as a philosophical and cultural problem at least coincides with the phenomenological-existential description that Heidegger develops in Being and Time. In its second part, through Heidegger’s dialogue with Hölderlin, an attempt is made to show how this tragic need for philosophising continues in Heidegger’s work. Finally, it concludes by leaving the reader with a question: was Heidegger a Southern-Spanish thinker?

Keywords
spaniard, death, poeticization, tragedy, temporality, culture, freedom before life.

References

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Article/Publication Details


ANASTASIYA MEDOVA
PHENOMENOLOGY OF MUSICAL EXPERIENCE
Krasnoyarsk, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science & Technology; Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafiev, 2021.
ISBN 978-5-86433-873-5
ISBN 978-5-00102-500-9

Title in the language of publication: РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА КНИГУ А. А. МЁДОВОЙ «ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЯ МУЗЫКАЛЬНОГО ОПЫТА»
Красноярск: СибГУ им. М. Ф. Решетнева; Краснояр. гос. пед. ун-т им. В. П. Астафьева, 2021.
ISBN 978-5-86433-873-5
ISBN 978-5-00102-500-9
Author: ANDREI PATKUL
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №2 (2021), 735-742
Language: Russian
Document type: Book Review
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-2-735-742 PDF (Downloads: 1178)

Abstract
In my review, I analyze the main theses of Anastasiya Medova’s monograph entitled Phenomenology of Musical Experience (2021). The author of the book raises the issue of what it is that we generally hear as music, as well as many directly or indirectly related other issues with regard to both the essence and the ontological status of music. According to her, it is only the phenomenological methodology that can provide an answer to these questions, which deals with the specifics of a musical object always in the context of the specifics of musical experience. Particular emphasis in the review is placed on the concept of reduction, as it is used in relation to music. It is designed to clear the experience of all elements not related to music as such, including sensitive shape-associations that often arise while listening to music. Another important point in the study of A. A. Medova is her posing of the question as to the regional nature of music and its possible correlation with the sphere of aesthetic in general. In this regard, I point out that the author of the monograph seeks to justify the irreducibility of music to the aesthetic sphere and that her solution of the problem of the possible regionality of music remains insufficiently determined. I also emphasize that one of the points of interest in the book is that Medova works with specific material, notably with the interpretation of significant works of musical art and the analysis of important theoretical statements about the essence of music.

Keywords
phenomenology of music, musical experience, musical reduction, musical eidetics, music as a region, Anastasiya Medova.

References

  • Medova, A. (2021). Phenomenology of Musical Experience. Krasnoyarsk: SiBGU im. M. F. Reshetneva Publ.; Krasnoyar. gos. ped. un-t im. V. P. Astaf’eva Publ. (In Russian)

Article/Publication Details


ONTOLOGY OF THE WILL – GEIGER, PFÄNDER, HUSSERL

Title in the language of publication: ONTOLOGY OF THE WILL – GEIGER, PFÄNDER, HUSSERL
Author: DANIEL NEUMANN
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №2 (2021), 495-516
Language: English
Document type: Research Article
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-2-495-516 PDF (Downloads: 1163)

Abstract
A phenomenological approach to the ontology of the will could be rendered along three positions: Firstly, the willing I is completely immanent in its experience, such that one can only will, and know that one wills, by reflecting on the actual experience of willing. Secondly, one could hold that the will, while being analyzable as a conscious phenomenon, is itself a real psychic force driving one’s motivations and actions without one necessarily being aware of it. The third position would argue that the reality of the will is not exhausted by the way it is experienced, but that its real causes are not necessarily part of a complete phenomenological investigation. I discuss the phenomenology of the will of Alexander Pfänder, Moritz Geiger and Edmund Husserl along this realist-transcendentalist spectrum. My basic concern here is a critical examination of the phenomenological approach to an entity beyond experience which is responsible for the experienced volitions. I will proceed in three steps, based on the distinction of volitions into three parts. Firstly, I ask what antecedes a volition in order to determine its phenomenal and ontological causes. Secondly, the analysis of the apperception of willing clarifies in what sense an “I” is experienced as the real or phenomenal cause of its volition. Thirdly, the discussion of the realization of the volition will address the role that this “I” subsequently plays in the process of fulfilling its intent. The paper develops the ways in which the ontology of the “willing I” limits and shapes the conception of the intentional relation between willing and desiring consciousness and its contents.

Keywords
Pfänder, Geiger, Husserl, phenomenology, ontology, will, volition.

References

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  • Geiger, M. (1921). Fragment über den Begriff des Unbewussten und die psychische Realit. Ein Beitrag zur Grundlegung des immanenten psychischen Realismus. Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung, 4, 1-137.
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