Studies in Phenomenology



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AURELIEN DJIAN
HUSSERL ET L’HORIZON COMME PROBLEME. UNE CONTRIBUTION A L’HISTOIRE DE LA PHENOMENOLOGIE
Lille: Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2021. ISBN-102757433296

Title in the language of publication: РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА КНИГУ ОРЕЛЬЕНА ДЖИАНА
HUSSERL ET L’HORIZON COMME PROBLÈME. UNE CONTRIBUTION A L’HISTOIRE DE LA PHENOMENOLOGIE
Lille: Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2021. ISBN-102757433296
Author: KIRILL YAKOVLEV
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №1 (2021), 466-482
Language: Russian
Document type: Review
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-1-466-482 PDF (Downloads: 1313)

Abstract
In his book, Aurelien Djian investigates the history of the concept of horizon in the evolution of Husserl’s thought. Addressing the most fundamental concerns of phenomenology, Djian redefines the horizon considering themes such as coherence of experience, the reality of the world, and motivation. He suggests an approach to exploring the horizon grounded in a detailed analysis of Thing and Space lectures. A significant conclusion of Djians’s book is that the origin of the horizon should not be attributed to Ideas I, but to these lectures. This discovery is not only of historical significance, but also opens up a new perspective on relations between the world, the incompleteness of external experience, and the fluidity of attention. Djian denies Saulius Geniusas’ interpretation of “halo” and “background” as psychological opposites of the horizon, which functions in the domain of ontology. These phenomena are given as elements of experience temporarily left by attention, connected with actual ones. The consciousness of unfulfilled potentialities of experience ensures the coherence of experience, making the transition from actual to potential seamless. This paper covers Djian’s conclusions and part of his work that goes beyond the content of the book. We also try to contextualize Djian’s research and show the history of studies of the horizon in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl.

Keywords
horizon, motivation, halo, style, hermeneutic phenomenology, Edmund Husserl, Saulius Geniusas.

References

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VASILI SESEMAN’S TRANSCENDENTAL THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE: BETWEEN PHENOMENOLOGY AND NEO-KANTIANISM

Title in the language of publication: ТРАНСЦЕНДЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ТЕОРИЯ ПОЗНАНИЯ ВАСИЛИЯ СЕЗЕМАНА: МЕЖДУ ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЕЙ И НЕОКАНТИАНСТВОМ
Author: ANNA SHIYAN
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №1 (2021), 170-189
Language: Russian
Document type: Research Article
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-1-170-189 PDF (Downloads: 1352)

Abstract
The article considers the theory of cognition of the Russian and Soviet philosopher Vasily Seseman (1884-1963) in its relation to the main philosophical orientations in early 20th-century: phenomenology, neokantianism, and intuitionism. Seseman’s theory of cognition is interesting today because, following the tradition of neo-Kantianism, it largely shares the principles and methods of phenomenology, poses epistemological problems that were not explicitly formulated by Edmund Husserl, and offers solutions that are relevant today. The article highlights a common thematic field combining phenomenology, neo-Kantianism, and intuitionism. This field is set by the initial subject-object cognitive attitude, the desire to identify the conditions for the possibility of cognition, the recognition of the presence of a non-linguistic level of knowledge. Moving in this unified theoretical cognitive context of the early twentieth century, Seseman offers his own solution to the following problems: defining the subject of cognition, developing the method of intuition in general and in relation to the contemplation of essence, distinguishing between objective and non-objective attitudes and using this distinction to describe different types of cognition, thematizing the irrational in cognition, and understanding the judgment and its role in the final formation of cognition. Seseman believes that the cognition of reality is preceded by the perception of its objects. He diverges from the Neo-Kantians, who claim that the objects of cognition are formed only in judgment, and holds a position than Husserl, according to whom we perceive the world around us already objectively. However, unlike Husserl, Seseman does not recognize the cognitive nature of perception and argues that knowledge begins with a reflexive fixation of the object of cognition. The cognition of an individual object is embodied in a judgment in which the relation of the object to its environment is fixed and the object is defined as a unique combination of universal properties. Finally, it is shown that the solution of epistemological questions inevitably leads Seseman to ontological issues.

Keywords
transcendentalism, phenomenology, neo-Kantianism, theory of cognition, subject of cognition, given consciousness, judgment, essence, Seseman.

References

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GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL
LECTURES ON PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE FROM THE WINTER SEMESTER 1821/22, REPRESENTED ON THE BASIS OF TWO ANONYMOUS REVISED LECTURE NOTES. FRAGMENTS. THE DOCTRINE OF SPACE AND TIME

Title in the language of publication: ГЕОРГ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ ФРИДРИХ ГЕГЕЛЬ
ЛЕКЦИИ ПО ФИЛОСОФИИ ПРИРОДЫ ЗИМНЕГО СЕМЕСТРА 1821/22 ГОДА, ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННЫЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ДВУХ АНОНИМНЫХ ДОРАБОТАННЫХ КОНСПЕКТОВ. ФРАГМЕНТЫ. УЧЕНИЕ О ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ И ВРЕМЕНИ
Translated from German: ANTON FOMIN, ALEXANDER FROLOV
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №1 (2021), 343-378
Language: Russian
Document type: Translation from German
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-1-343-378 PDF (Downloads: 1403)

Abstract
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Keywords
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References

  • Bonsiepen, W. (1985). Hegels Raum-Zeit-Lehre. Dargestellt anhand zweier Vorlesungsnachschriften. Hegel-Studien, 20, 39-78.
  • Hegel, G. W. F. (1975). Philosophy of Nature. In Entsiklopedia Filosofskikh Nauk. Vol. 2 (7-574). Rus. Ed. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ. (In Russian)

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WOLFGANG BONSIEPEN
HEGEL’S DOCTRINE OF SPACE AND TIME, PRESENTED ON THE BASIS OF TWO REVISED LECTURE NOTES

Title in the language of publication: ВОЛЬФГАНГ БОНЗИПЕН
УЧЕНИЕ ГЕГЕЛЯ О ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ И ВРЕМЕНИ, ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННОЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ДВУХ ДОРАБОТАННЫХ КОНСПЕКТОВ ЛЕКЦИЙ
Translated from German: ANTON FOMIN, ALEXANDER FROLOV
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №1 (2021), 306-342
Language: Russian
Document type: Translation from German
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-1-306-342 PDF (Downloads: 1413)

Abstract
The article is devoted to the genesis of Hegel’s philosophy of nature. It shows us that the formation of the natural philosophical views of the German philosopher took place not only in a speculative way, in the critical reception of Schelling’s works, but, first of all and for the most part, was predetermined by Hegel’s own interest in natural science and acquaintance with some prominent scientists of that time. The focus of the paper is on the evolution of the first part of Hegel’s natural philosophy: the doctrine of space and time as it presented in some excerpts from two revised lecture notes on the philosophy of nature, read by Hegel in the winter semester of 1821/1822 at the University of Berlin and published as an appendix to the article by Bonzipen. In his article, Bonzipen provides historical information on the fate of these texts, raises the question of their authorship, gives a general outline of Hegel’s thought, and also compares both texts with the second edition of the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences. From his point of view, the revised notes allow partly to illustrate, partly to fill in some gaps in the dialectic of two forms of abstract appearance known on the basis of the Encyclopedia. Bonzipen notes that Hegel’s speculative consideration of space and time is complemented by a discussion with the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. While reproaching traditional mathematics for being fixed on the quantitative aspect of reality, which does not allow to fully resolve the contradiction between space and time, Hegel at the same time refuses to attempt to build philosophical mathematics that focuses on the consideration of the qualitative certainty of the moments of space and time, declaring that although it is solvable, it is an extremely time-consuming task. This refusal becomes a turning point in the further development of the dialectical doctrine of space and time.

Keywords
Hegel, philosophy of nature, nature, dialectic, time, space, ontology.

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THE PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION OF W. BONZIPEN’S ARTICLE “HEGEL’S DOCTRINE OF SPACE AND TIME, PRESENTED ON THE BASIS OF TWO REVISED LECTURE NOTES”

Title in the language of publication: ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К ПЕРЕВОДУ СТАТЬИ В. БОНЗИПЕНА «УЧЕНИЕ ГЕГЕЛЯ О ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ И ВРЕМЕНИ, ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННОЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ДВУХ ДОРАБОТАННЫХ КОНСПЕКТОВ ЛЕКЦИЙ»
Authors: ANTON FOMIN, ALEXANDER FROLOV
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №1 (2021), 298-305
Language: Russian
Document type: Preface to the translation
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-1-298-305 PDF (Downloads: 1500)

Abstract
The article is devoted to the genesis of Hegel’s philosophy of nature. It shows us that the formation of the natural philosophical views of the German philosopher took place not only in a speculative way, in the critical reception of Schelling’s works, but, first of all and for the most part, was predetermined by Hegel’s own interest in natural science and acquaintance with some prominent scientists of that time. The focus of the paper is on the evolution of the first part of Hegel’s natural philosophy: the doctrine of space and time as it presented in some excerpts from two revised lecture notes on the philosophy of nature, read by Hegel in the winter semester of 1821/1822 at the University of Berlin and published as an appendix to the article by Bonzipen. In his article, Bonzipen provides historical information on the fate of these texts, raises the question of their authorship, gives a general outline of Hegel’s thought, and also compares both texts with the second edition of the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences. From his point of view, the revised notes allow partly to illustrate, partly to fill in some gaps in the dialectic of two forms of abstract appearance known on the basis of the Encyclopedia. Bonzipen notes that Hegel’s speculative consideration of space and time is complemented by a discussion with the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. While reproaching traditional mathematics for being fixed on the quantitative aspect of reality, which does not allow to fully resolve the contradiction between space and time, Hegel at the same time refuses to attempt to build philosophical mathematics that focuses on the consideration of the qualitative certainty of the moments of space and time, declaring that although it is solvable, it is an extremely time-consuming task. This refusal becomes a turning point in the further development of the dialectical doctrine of space and time.

Keywords
Hegel, philosophy of nature, nature, dialectic, time, space, ontology.

References

  • Bonsiepen, W. (1985). Hegels Raum-Zeit-Lehre. Dargestellt anhand zweier Vorlesungsnachschriften. Hegel-Studien, 20, 9-38.

Article/Publication Details
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THE PHENOMENON OF EREIGNIS IN MARTIN HEIDEGGER’S PHILOSOPHY

Title in the language of publication: ФЕНОМЕН EREIGNIS В ФИЛОСОФИИ М. ХАЙДЕГГЕРА
Author: ALEXEY STOVBA
Issue: HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology.
Vol. 11, №1 (2021), 276-297
Language: Russian
Document type: Research Article
DOI : 10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-1-276-297 PDF (Downloads: 1364)

Abstract
The article is devoted to the reasoning of the „Ereignis“ phenomenon in the philosophy of M. Heidegger. It is worth to emphasize that one of the main trends in contemporary philosophy is an attempt of creation of new–non-substantial–ontology. The very specificity of such ontology lies in the fact that classical substance is replaced by the dynamical configuration of sense, which is not “purely theoretical” but “ontological” in its core. “Ontological” means, in fact, that it is impossible to separate the mode of Being of phenomena from the process of thinking about them. Heidegger’s philosophy was one of the first attempts to create such ontology. It is worth to point out the three steps of the Heidegger’s studies of Being. The first, “fundamental-ontological” step is characterized primarily through the “ontological difference” between Being and entity, when the phenomenon of time represents by itself their hidden basis. During the second, “radical-ontological” period, Heidegger has already carried out his famous “turn.” In compliance with this “turn,” the truth of Being, die Lichtung, substitutes time as the “pre-ontological” basement of Being. In this case, Being itself transforms into the Event, „Ereignis“. On the third, “post-ontological” stage of studies the focal point of Heidegger’s thought is “post-ontological difference” between the Being of entity and Being itself. On this stage both Being and time are rooted in the phenomenon of „Ereignis“. The latter has been now transformed from being a “simple Event” into a “matter of fact” (the new interpretation of the Husserl’s famous „die Sache selbst“) as the alternation of the “disclosedness” and “concealness” of Being and time. In this case, „Ereignis“ is not quasi-substantial basement of Being, time or entity but it shows itself as its “Beginning” („Anfang“)“), when the Truth of Being is replaced by the dynamical sense configuration of the event, i.e., a “matter of fact.” Thus, Heidegger has conceptually created a new type of thnon-substantial ontology, the core of which is the phenomenon of „Ereignis“ as the dynamical singular configuration of the temporal-ontological sense of the Event itself.

Keywords
ontology, dynamical configuration of sense, ontological difference, post-ontological difference, event, matter of fact.

References

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