- 29 December 2015
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«BEING OUTSIDE-ITSELF» IN SCHELLING AND HEIDEGGER
Title in the language of publication: | DAS AUßER-SICH-SEIN BEI SCHELLING UND HEIDEGGER |
Author: | Andrei Patkul |
Issue: |
HORIZON. Studies in Phenomenology. Vol. 4, №2 (2015),  121-138 |
Language: | German |
Document type: | Research Article |
DOI : 10.18199/2226-5260-2015-4-2-121-138 | PDF (Downloads: 3512) |
Abstract
The author of the article framed the question of the possible relevance of the treatment of the
Schelling's philosophy in the context of a phenomenological one. Thereby, he points its problematic
character, referencing Husserl's treatment of German idealism after Kant (including the
thought of Schelling) as the romantic idealism. At the same time, he also states the influence of
Schelling on the few phenomenologists who made their careers after Husserl. The article's author
reviews the concept of the «being outside-itself» or «ecstasy» in Schelling and Heidegger (as one
of the phenomenologists) for the further concretization of the theme. The ecstasy in Schelling is
the new name for the idealistic intellectual intuition, by which a singular subject loses its own
position as subject and thereby gets to the position of the absolute subject. The absolute subject is
one which cannot be an object already. Schelling identifies the ecstasy understood in this way with
the wondering as philosophical initiation in Ancient Greece. Such ecstasy leads to unknowing
knowledge in Schelling's words. The concept of being outside-itself means the structural element
of being of human Dasein, i.e. of temporality in Heidegger. This philosopher thinks that a human
being is always already outside itself ontologically, before any intuition both sensual and intellectual.
The human subject is not closed in on itself, for then it has to transcend from its immanence
to the outside. It is always outside itself, it is ecstatic. In its ecstasies, it is always in the world,
instead of being inside the world and other people. Heidegger bases his critique of the traditional
metaphysics of the subject on such understanding of the ontological structure of Dasein, i.e.
of the true «subject». In conclusion, the article's author states that the approaches to the problem
of being outside-itself of both mentioned philosophers are in principle, quite different. Schelling
tries to rehabilitate the subjectivity by the reduction of the singular subject to the absolute one.
On the contrary, the finitude of human Dasein is the necessary condition of its being in Heidegger.
The ecstasy is interiorization in Schelling, but it is exteriorization, which has been always already
realized, in Heidegger. However, the author of the article also pinpoints a certain isomorphism of
the treatments of ecstasy in both thinkers. In the different ways they attempt to overcome the crisis
of the understanding of the subject as closed in itself, create the conditions of this isomorphism.
Key words
Being outside-itself, ecstasy, intellectual intuition, wondering, Dasein, temporality, existence, metaphysics, German idealism, phenomenology.
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