CONTENTS

I. RESEARCH

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Author

Chernavin Georgy
PhD in Philosophy of the University Toulouse II Le Mirail (France) and University of Wuppertal (Germany)
Post-doctor of the Charles University in Prague
Associate Professor at Faculty of Philosophy, National Research University “Higher School of Economics” (HSE), Moscow
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Abstract

The paper deals with the dynamics of appearance, which is in a constant oscillation between being and seeming. This is an apodictical formal law of the life of consciousness: “so much seeming, so much Being”. In order to clarify this, we thematize a methodological proposal made by Johann Friedrich Herbart, which would be systematically applied by Edmund Husserl. The proposal consists in “leaving any object to oscillate between being and non-being”. By developing this proposal, we examine phenomenological work as a praxis aiming at the “enrichment of sense” and a “self-transformation of subjectivity”. We conclude the essay by providing some remarks on how phenomenology could fruitfully appropriate Herbart’s philosophical insights.

Key words

Appearance, being, oscillation, seeming, Herbart, Husserl.

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DOI : 10.18199/2226-5260-2013-2-2-7-16

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Author

Forestier Florian
PhD in Philosophy of the Université Paris IV-Sorbonne
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Abstract

After reviewing the status of the concept of the phenomenon in Husserl’s phenomenology and the aim of successive attempts to reform, de-formalize, and to widen it, we show the difficulties of a method that, following the example of Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology, intends to connect the phenomenon directly to the revelation of an exteriority. We argue that, on the contrary, Marc Richir’s phenomenology, which strives to grasp the phenomenon as nothing-but-phenomenon, is more likely to capture the “meaning” of the phenomenological, and hence to help us orient in the field of problems that phenomenology encounters without always knowing how to tackle them. Yet, this extension of the phenomenon’s domain does not thereby encompass everything: there may well be certain issues that require a phenomenology without phenomenon; but the meaning of this cannot be determined before the complete reenvisioning of transcendental phenomenology.

Key words

Transcendantal phenomenology, phenomenality, Richir, Marion.

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DOI : 10.18199/2226-5260-2013-2-2-17-37

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Author

Zúñiga Santiago
MA in Philosophy of the Erasmus Mundus Europhilosophie program
PhD Student of CPDR (Centre of philosophy of law of Katolic Univercity of Leuven)
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Abstract

Our interpretation of the notion of event aims to underline both its unpredictable constitution, and its faculty to place the subject in the symbolic order. The problematic will be mainly concerned about contributions in the field of contemporary phenomenology (Romano, 1998; Barbaras, 2012) and phenomenological psychopathology (Murakami, 2013), related to a certain lecture of the event that will lead us to revaluate the concept of transpassibility and convoke different approaches to it. These reflections will constantly be enlightened by the work of Henri Maldiney.

Key words

Event, transpassibility, experience, symbolic, desire, intentional, body.

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DOI : 10.18199/2226-5260-2013-2-2-38-49

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Author

Krioukov Alexei
PhD in Philosophy
St. Petersburg State University
199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract

A genesis of the ideas concerning Husserl’s concepts of time and reflective structure of consciousness is analyzed in this article. There will be taken into account in the article three main texts: “Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins”, “Bernauer Manuskripte” and “C-Manuskripte”. Next topics will be discussed: reflexive structure of consciousness as genetic problem, Ego as an emanate center of time construction, possibility of the achievement of hyletical, non-reflexive consciousness structure.

Key words

Husserl, genetic phenomenology, reduction, egological consciousness, time.

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DOI : 10.18199/2226-5260-2013-2-2-50-60

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Author

Kulikov Sergey
DSc in Philosophy
Associate Professor, Dean of Faculty of University-Wide Disciplines, Tomsk State Pedagogical University
634061 Tomsk, Russia
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Abstract

The paper defends the thesis that phenomenological methods can play key role in explications of the transformation reasons of philosophical images of science. It can be made by the comparative analysis among phenomenology and other approaches revealing strong and weaknesses of separate approaches. Such principles of an explication of the transformation reasons of philosophical images of science were allocated: 1) the science is a set of the idealizing consciousness attitudes which allow to build images of the world in borders of regional ontologies (or “particular ways of understanding of reality”); 2) idealizing attitudes correspond to the comprehension of intentionality experiences structures; 3) the general transformation reason of images of science is the change of consciousness attitudes.

Key words

Science, philosophical image of science, transformation reasons, phenomenology, intentionality, consciousness, comparative analysis of approaches.

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DOI : 10.18199/2226-5260-2013-2-2-61-74

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Author

Fedchuk Dmitry
PhD in Philosophy
Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanitarian Sciences, St. Petersburg State University of Economics
191023 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract

The article maintains that the being (ens) is the proper subject of metaphysics, not being at all (esse). It is demonstrated by way of comparison of two different contexts. The first one is scholastic distinction in finite being, and the second one — the ontological difference by Martin Heidegger, which is founded on the first. Duns Scotus and Francisco Suarez shows that the content of being (esse), as a result of difference between essence and existence, cannot be explicated in logos. It is accessible in the modes of the giveness of essence, of its presence. Heidegger discusses the possible access to being through its difference from a being, in situation when Desein understands being (esse) by way of own actual existence. Nevertheless, Dasein cannot articulate the meaning of being, because the later, as a principium of temporality and of consciousness, always is concealed from reflection. Being is the source of any definiteness for the subject; it is an absolute beginning. That is why being cannot have the definite content for thought. In its meaning being is nothing and for us it discovers itself mediately — from essence and the modes of essence, i.e. by way of the being (ens).

Key words

Essence, existence, distinction in being, ontological difference, temporality, Dasein, Duns Scotus, Martin Heidegger.

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DOI : 10.18199/2226-5260-2013-2-2-75-85

II. ARCHIVE

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Author

Kazakova Irina
DSc in Psychology
Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Political Sciences, European Humanities University in Vilnius, Lithuania
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Abstract

In the earliest text dedicated to Paul Celan Gadamer tries to answer the question about what concealment is, namely the almost deliberate concealment of meaning, so skillfully settled by the poet. Resorting to the analysis of the poem “Tenebrae” Gadamer shows that specific technique of writing, which releases multilevelness of semantic content using block concatenation of words. But the unity of semantic intention, this the most difficult work, is left here to the reader.

Key words

Paul Celan, Tenebrae, block language, concealment of meaning.

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Author

Kazakova Irina
DSc in Psychology
Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Political Sciences, European Humanities University in Vilnius, Lithuania
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Abstract

Gadamer tries to point out the method of decoding Paul Celan’s texts. The very formulation of the title indicates that nor semantic neither phenomenological approach can be chosen here as fundamental. Analyzing a poem Du darfst (You can) Gadamer points out that semantic approach is able to disclose the multidimensionality (polysemanticism) of poetic vocabulary, whereas phenomenological approach allows this multidimensionality to speak out, that is, to form the integrity of meaning.

Key words

Paul Celan, semantic approach, phenomenological approach, analysis, understanding, experience of the “meaningful reading”, the realization of meaning.

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Author

Translation:
Stanzhevskiy Fedor
Research worker at the Centre for Phenomenology and Hermeneutics of the Institute of Philosophy at the St. Petersburg State University
199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Editor:
Vdovina Galina
DSc in Philosophy
Institute of Philosophy Russian Academy of Sciences
119991 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract

The purpose of the essay, according to what Ricoeur tells the reader, is to explore philosophical limits of the study whose center of gravity has shifted from the rhetoric and semantics to the hermeneutics and from the problems of sense to the problems of reference. The author explores differences between poetic and speculative types of discourse. On the basis of this distinction, established by the philosophical act as such, raises the question about the clarification of the modality of such interaction. Answering this question is necessary for clarifying the ontology underlying Ricoeur’s research

Key words

Theory of metaphor, the dead and the living metaphor, mode of discourse , metaphorical and contemplative discourse.

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III. DISCUSSIONS

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Author

Akhutin Anatoly
PhD in Chemistry
Associate Professor of the Faculty of Philosophy, Russian State University for the Humanities
Member of the editorial board of the "Arche" annual (RSUH)
Member of the editorial board of the “Dots. Puncta” journal
Member of the Scientific Council of the Ontological Society of Saint-Petersburg
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Patkul Andrei
PhD in Philosophy
Senior lecturer of the Department of Ontology and Epistemology, Institute of Philosophy, St. Petersburg State University
199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract

Anatoly Akhutin describes the original intention that led him to philosophy and stresses several defining moments. Those include the relationship of Anatoly Akhutin with his teacher Vladimir Bibler, Akhutin’s understanding of the place of his own thought among his predecessors in philosophy and Akhutin’s definition of the essence of philosophy as that which deals with the origin and can be seen as the logic of the origin. He also considers the relation of the particularity of a philosopher and the essence of philosophy. The contemporary situation inclines Akhutin to address such topics as the definition of philosophy as a science, philosophical definition of science, the role of analytical philosophy in contemporary philosophical discourse and place of philosophy at Universitis.

Key words

The origin of philosophy, mythology, the role of a philosopher, philosophical subject, Hegel, Bibler, Heidegger.

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Author

Kononets Dar'ya
MA student of the Erasmus Mundus Europhilosophie in University of Bonn
MA student of the Charles University in Prague and University of Wuppertal
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Abstract

The main aim of the conference was to review the perspectives of naturalizing phenomenology and to explore the interrelation of contemporary phenomenology and experimental sciences in the sphere of social cognitive skills. The development of phenomenology has brought about the expansion of phenomenological method, the renewal of the concept of subjectivity. Concepts of bodily experience, of Lifeworld and of the genesis of subject have helped to see correlations between phenomenological, psychological and psychoanalytical methods.

Key words

Naturalization of phenomenology, philosophy of mind, embodied intersubjectivity, social cognitive theory, Transcendentalism, Naturalism.

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Author

Kosykhin Vitalii
DSc in Philosophy
Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Methodology of Science, Saratov Federal University
Head of the Department of Humanitarian, Socio-economic and Natural Sciences of the Volga Law Institute
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Dronov Alexei
PhD in Philosophy
Associate Professor at the Department of Philosophy, Saratov Federal University
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Abstract

Discussion of the range of problems associated with the concepts of rationality and legitimacy, was due to the necessity of closer collaborative research of philosophers and theorists of law. Plenary and section reports covered such topics as the crisis of legitimacy of various institutions of modern society, genealogy of social norms, justification of moral norms, communicative concept of law; exploitation of the concept of “legitimacy”, forms of social memory and self- legitimation of power.

Key words

Legitimacy, rationality, morality, law, philosophical and legal hermeneutics.

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Author

Patkul Andrei
PhD in Philosophy
Senior lecturer of the Department of Ontology and Epistemology, Institute of Philosophy, St. Petersburg State University
199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract

The fifth conference in the series “Contemporary ontology” was devoted to the problems of relations of existence and essence in such aspects as the relation of existence and essence from the point of view of several fundamental contemporary approaches. These approaches include phenomenological and analytical perspective; classical and non-classical ontology; static and dynamic representation. The declared theme has been extended by discussing the problems of multitude, of absolute and relative, the formally logical and philosophical nature of problems of existence.

Key words

Being, essence, existence, classical and nonclassical ontology.

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Author

Yastreb Natalia
PhD in Philosophy
Associate Professor, Head of the Deaprtment of Philosophy, Vologda State University
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Abstract

The conference provided an excellent opportunity for interdisciplinary interaction between philosophers, linguists, psychologists and neuroscientists, all united by their interest in a naturalistic approach to consciousness. The key speakers were famous philosophers and scientists, including John Searle, Thomas Metzinger and Konstantin Anokhin. The topics of the reports covered a great variety of issues, ranging from the relation of the ontological subjectivity and epistemic objectivity of consciousness; the study of consciousness and self-consciousness through the phenomena associated with various forms of bodily experience; the search for the conceptual bases for the scientific study of consciousness, the problem of qualia, attention, free will and various aspects of philosophy of psychology.

Key words

Naturalism, consciousness, qualia, freedom of will, freedom of choice, bodily experience, neural causation, dynamic states of the brain.

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Author

Maidachenko Kira
BA in Philosophy of the St. Petersburg State University
199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract

The conference comprised the work in nine distinct but interrelated research fields: theory and categories of ontology, classical and nonclassical ontologies, ontology and gnoseology, formal ontology, the ontology and philosophical anthropology, history of Western ontology, modern philosophy in Italy, history of ontology in Russia, ontology and particular sciences. Reports of the participants were not grouped formally, but rather formed the network of the interrelated discussion fields.

Key words

Ontology, ethics, anthropology, language, the problem of existence, analysis of categories and laws, classical and nonclassical ontology.

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IV. BOOK REVIEWS

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Author

Kozlova Maria
Post-graduate student at Maxim Gorky Literature Institute, Department of Social Sciences
119333 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract

The essays in the collection consider the ontological status of language in relation to the problems of metaphysics, logic, poetics and politics in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger before and after the “Turn”. In particular, some authors examine the interrelation of language and speech; other authors explore language and its dependence on the ontological status of works of art; still others explore language understood as the poetry of Existence.

Key words

The source of language, Heidegger, Blanchot, Hölderlin, Novalis, sound, rhythm, ontological status of words.

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Author

Patkul Andrei
PhD in Philosophy
Senior lecturer of the Department of Ontology and Epistemology, Institute of Philosophy, St. Petersburg State University
199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract

According to Yampolskaya, the main methodological difficulty of phenomenology is the uncertainty of the correlation between the method and the object. This uncertainty reveals ambiguity in the interpretation of the concept of phenomenon. These basic difficulties encountered by the German phenomenology of Husserl and Heidegger have brought to life French phenomenology. Yampolskaya suggests that the key feature of French phenomenology is that it expresses less interest in the problem of reduction and more interest in different components of phenomenological method. Unlike German phenomenologists, who consider phenomenology to be the description of the evident, French thinkers see phenomenology as a description of concealed.

Key words

Phenomenological method, French and German phenomenology, E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, E. Levinas, M. Henry, J.-L. Marion, M. Richir.

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V. EVENTS

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