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TRADITION VS ÜBERLIEFERUNG: INTERPRETATION OF PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS TRADITION IN THE WORKS OF M. HEIDEGGER BEFORE AND AFTER THE “TURN”

Abstract
The article analyzes the problems of tradition in Martin Heidegger’s philosophy before and after the “Turn” in the context of the philosopher’s attitude toward philosophical and religious tradition. The aim is to identify the features of the terminological use of Tradition and Überlieferung, the contexts and the methodological strategies of their application. Due to the fact that in Russian translation practice Tradition and Überlieferung are often translated by the single word “tradition,” the transformations of understanding tradition in Heidegger’s philosophy remain largely unexplored. The article reveals the evolution of Heidegger’s understanding of tradition from “Being and Time” to the genesis-historical volumes through the disclosure of the concept of “two traditions,” which is outlined in early works, but is fully formed after the “Turn.” The main transformation is a change in the way we work with tradition: from a Dasein-oriented understanding to a genesis-oriented understanding (Sein) and its history. Before the “Turn,” tradition is practically identical to metaphysics, and Dasein is conceived from its relation to it—the focus is not on the tradition itself, but on the authentic and non-authentic way of assimilating it. Before the “Turn,” tradition was conceived by Heidegger as a thought-binding metaphysics associated with the improper appropriation of philosophical and religious heritage in an ontological structure. After the “Turn,” the main context for understanding tradition becomes the history of being, in which the confrontation between metaphysics and the “primordial tradition” (anfängliche Überlieferung) unfolds, liberating the lost possibilities of thinking and leading to a “different Beginning.” Heidegger’s complex relationship with religious tradition is presented through the disclosure of the main ways of working with it: destruction and silence. The article reveals the methodological possibilities of interpreting religious tradition from Tradition and Überlieferung. The analysis comes to the conclusion that in addition to the negative ways of understanding tradition, the main motive of the late Heidegger is the search for a tradition in which the transition from the first to the “Another Beginning” can take place. The clarification of Heidegger’s methodological strategies, which are most clearly given in his work with the religious tradition, has significant methodological potential for the contemporary phenomenology of religion.

Keywords
Heidegger, metaphysics, religious experience, factic life, factic life experience, Dasein, historicity, tradition, оrigin.

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