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THE SEARCH FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE AESTHETIC AS EXPERIENCED IN THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF V. SHAPP AND K. STAVENHAGEN

Abstract
The article evaluates the search for the foundations of the aesthetic. In comparison with some positions of analytical and receptive aesthetics, the features of the phenomenological aesthetics of two outstanding students of Husserl—Wilhelm Schapp (1884–1965) and Kurt Stavenhagen (1884–1951) are revealed. The orientation and necessity of searching for aesthetic grounds for these thinkers lies in the possibilities of deviation from the well-known principle of transcendence in the aestheticization of the world of things and the surrounding reality as a whole. For Schapp and Stavenhagen, manifestations of the phenomenological manifestation of the world of things through the experience of being are important—aesthetic. In classical aesthetics, the aesthetic is a certain level of reflection in the sensory-emotional perception of objects from the world of things. As established in the article, Schapp and Stavenhagen propose to identify the aesthetic as the experiential. At the same time, their joint position and beliefs of representatives of receptive aesthetics differ in terms of differentiating aesthetic as an experienced and aesthetic experience as such. The article presents some arguments regarding this orientation in the conceptualization of the aesthetic. The category of aesthetic, interpreted by philosophers as experimental, is revealed through the prism of the correlation of the key concepts of phenomenology—the subjective and the subjective. In this case, the aesthetic is thought of as subjective-subjective, expressed in human individual experience. It was found that Schapp and Stavenhagen, overcoming the inertia of phenomenology and philosophy of history in their theory, evaluated the historicization of the world of things in the aesthetic aspect. Thus, they search for the foundations of the aesthetic in three directions: (1) in the exposition of the subjective/subjective; (2) in the ratio of experience and “quasi-experience”; (3) in defining the boundaries of the experienced existential and experienced social. These directions have opened up the possibility of identifying the aesthetic not as a response to the attributive world of things and not as a given of its aestheticization, but rather as a condition for experiencing being as a result of individual experience. It is concluded that the search for aesthetic grounds for Schapp and Stavenhagen marked a new frontier in phenomenological aesthetics.

Keywords
Schapp, Stavenhagen, aesthetic, aesthetic experience, experiential principle, phenomenological aesthetics, existential and social.

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